NSPersistentCloudKitContainer includes a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. At this point, if you shared the invitation via text message, open Messages and tap the invitation. Amazing! Back in CoreDataStack.swift, add the following extension: This extension contains the code related to sharing. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes, and I encourage you to check out their implementations. Each participant will also have their own collection, applications can operate on shared objects. whether or not to convert the title of a post. The techniques outlined in this chapter will be put to practical use in the chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. Youll need to ensure that you have set a unique bundle identifier at this point. I regularly work with when I'm building sharing features. Its intended for experienced iOS developers who are already familiar with Apples frameworks and with Swift. Finally, this test asks the MainViewController, in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix. In many cases, it can infer where records belong based on the relationship they have to other objects. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. bookmark, personalise your learner profile and more! a specific method for each customization I needed. Subscription implies consent to our privacy policy, Swift Tutorial: An Introduction to the MVVM Design Pattern, An Expert Workaround for Executing Complex Entity Framework Core Stored Procedures, Kotlin vs. Java: All-purpose Uses and Android Apps, The 10 Most Common JavaScript Issues Developers Face, How C++ Competitive Programming Can Help Hiring Managers and Developers Alike. CloudKit provides much more functionality on top of this, especially for sophisticated data models, public sharing, advanced user notification features, and more. In fact, in a sense, youre recreating the convenience APIs. Theres just one catch: This controller is a UIKit controller, and your app is SwiftUI. So, an offline mode must be carefully considered. Build and run. If you sent the invitation from a real device, that can be a simulator. Build and run again. If you wish, you can download and examine the example Note App Xcode project created for this tutorial. Finally, one of the most important aspects of any operation is the qualityOfService value. [music]. Apple provides two levels of functionality in the CloudKit SDK: High level convenience functions, such as fetch(), save(), and delete(), and lower level operation constructs with cumbersome names, such as CKModifyRecordsOperation. A participant is any other iCloud account that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book, so they're easy to find. Modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Select CD_Destination. The end goal is not only to display shared entries but also to get information about the people participating in the share. and a shared zone that they own in their .private database. At least one real device To send and accept share invitation(s). manages objects in two CloudKit databases. Build and run. For example, the zone that NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages. If I tap on it, I can see that the Edit button is disabled and the participants entry for Jermaine shows that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. Tap the entry you want to update the permissions for. a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. However, to allow other users to interact with this data, you need to update your NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. I've already modified it to support sharing posts, I'm going to start by launching my application, and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner, I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"--. Now, on Heather's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. Also, CloudKit provides a specific record type for large binary objects. Then, I set its CloudKit container options databaseScope property to .shared. Sharing with one other person is interesting, Each of these participants will be able to access. First, we'll discuss what sharing means with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and how that affects the types of experiences you can build. The answer is, "Not much." the participants, and their permissions and roles. Once the CloudKit schema is pushed to production, So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's, to ensure that all your fields are present. Because there's no root record, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer also has to understand how the concepts of owners and participants apply to the entire record zone. I simply added a button action to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController. Each of these is mirrored to a persistent store in my application, one using the .private database scope and the other using the .shared database scope. Note that the same code will work for macOS clients as well, with slight adjustments for differences in how notifications work on that platform. informative user interfaces for our users. before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. Thankfully, CloudKit is explicitly designed to handle this condition. Xcode prefixes the container name with iCloud. where I needed to know whether or not an object is shared. Each of these is mirrored to a persistent store. this new Allows Cloud Encryption checkbox. I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? In this article, Toptal Software Engineer Paul Young demonstrate how to use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multipleclients. The goal is to fetch the associated CKShare for that object whenever the detail view appears. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer shares objects. with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. But you can also tell share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) to store objects in a specific shared zone by passing it a non-nil CKShare. I've had to make a number of changes to the user interface. The largest and most up-to-date collection of courses and books on iOS, In Swift, individual fields on a CKRecord can be accessed via the subscript operator. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone. 2 Reviews. I'm going to start by launching my application on Jermaine's device and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner to create a new post. These can be normal push notifications familiar to iOS users (such as sound, banner, or badge), or in CloudKit, they can be a special class of notification called silent pushes. Last, if the current user of that share is the owner, returns. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How to share Core Data between multiple users? to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController. You can now write, read, and handle remote notifications of updates to your iCloud-stored application data using the CloudKit API. When storing data via CloudKit, CloudKit Console allows you to interact with the data in question and perform several other functions such as viewing logs. Notice the role and permission for each user. Update the selected zone from defaultZone to the automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone. the main reason the SharingProvider exists: testing. Owners create and share objects with a set of participants. This is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to simply check. When a record is shared, a share link is sent to the recipient user in the form of a URL. Two separate iCloud accounts To initiate the sharing process. for you to build tests in your own applications. Next, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment: This code adds your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the container. Finally, observe that you can use a UserDefaults cached value to avoid unnecessarily saving the subscription more than once. Figure 48 3, for example, shows a share link loaded into the Mail app ready to be sent: When a user receives a share link and selects it, a dialog will appear providing the option to accept the share and open it in the corresponding app. If necessary, you then pass the updated server record to CloudKit to write the new record. and some of the permissions on the shared album. Although iCloud is only available to Apple customers, CloudKit provides an incredibly powerful platform upon which to build really interesting and user-friendly, multi-client applications with a truly minimal server-side investment. to combine the .private and .shared databases. This is a thorny problem with many gotchas and pitfalls, but users expect the feature and expect it to work well. It is capable of handling large file transfers seamlessly. that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. But our applications are usually designed, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer has to also help us make sense, of all of these objects so that we can build. The code above stores a reference to each store when its loaded. See that data now exists at the bottom in the Participants section. At the top level is CKContainer, which encapsulates a set of related CloudKit data. to display more information in my user interface. Then, select the CloudKit checkbox to enable the feature. Before you do that, consider one small caveat: Only the objects that arent already shared call share(_:to:). If I select the location attribute, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector on the right. I might need to know whether or not an object is shared. In this article, Ill demonstrate how to use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multiple clients. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer automatically syncs. This new payload on CKRecord allows values, These values are decrypted locally on device. With sharing, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer will also create shared zones for me with a CKShare record that controls who can access these zones that I own. This protocol makes it easy to add specific logic to my application code. fetchShares(matching objectIDs:) is new in iOS 15 and allows me to get the CKShare for a specific post. Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. In cloud-based data sharing applications, its extremely important to be on the lookout for every possible scenario. There are two ways to share data via CloudKit: record sharing and zone sharing. CloudSharingView conforms to the protocol UIViewControllerRepresentable and wraps the UIKit UICloudSharingController so you can use it in SwiftUI. The prior version of the record you tried to save. Under isShared(object:), add the following methods: These methods return a Boolean based on the objects permissions. Get the most out of CloudKit Sharing Discover how apps can use CloudKit to share records with others. that controls who can access these zones that I own. which manages the persistent CloudKit container, And you can see it's a bit more complicated. Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? A general guideline is to use com.company_name.bundle_identifier. The app designer is always in the best position to define rules for these situations, which can include everything from context-aware automatic merging to user-directed resolution instructions. A user of an app could, for example, make one or more records accessible to other users so that they can view and, optionally, modify the record. To complete the demo, I had to make two other changes. enum NSPersistentCloudKitContainer.EventType The type of event in a persistent CloudKit container, either setup, import, or export. This is the default database that data gets written to. that allows me to call up an Action sheet. Next, we'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing. Over 300 content creators. If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. If you have any questions or comments, please join the forum discussion below. After adding a few of these customizations. Open CoreDataStack.swift. that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. Both the CKShare and associated CKRecord object are then saved to the private database. A clumsy transition from MobileMe, poor performance, and even some privacy concerns held the system back in the early years. With this code in place, navigate back to DestinationDetailView.swift to present CloudSharingView. That means we can't change our mind later and choose to encrypt fields that aren't already encrypted today in production. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. It accepts the share and adds the necessary metadata into the sharedPersistentStore. 2 Answers Sorted by: 8 In iOS 10 / macOS 10.12, it is now possible to share hierarchies of records in a user's private database with other users. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes a number of other important methods for the sample application, and I encourage you to check out their implementations and the tests I wrote for how they impact the user interface. Saving records is, perhaps, the most complicated operation. To delete the destination, swipe left to reveal the delete button. In the iCloud section, tap the + button underneath Containers to add a custom container. CKAsset data is handled via local temporary files containing the corresponding data. I'll open the CoreDataCloudKitDemo managed object model, and there's a specific property on the post entity I want to show you called location. and the other using the .shared database scope. Jordan's line about intimate parties in The Great Gatsby? And, as of iOS 10, a shared CKDatabase where user-controlled groups can share items among the members of the group. As you prepare to present your CloudSharingView, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a CKContainer. which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. For example, a user may have made edits on one device while in airplane mode, and then absent-mindedly made different edits on another device before turning airplane mode off on the first device. The class contains all the necessary methods and properties you need to interact with Core Data. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. Note also, I am using a CKQuerySubscription with a very simple always true predicate to watch for changes on the one (and only) Note record. Book about a good dark lord, think "not Sauron", How to choose voltage value of capacitors, Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. So I'll change the share options to mark the share as View Only. Youll use the default share when you present the CloudSharingView. we have built in to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Then, I set the BlockBasedProvider as the provider for the view controller, completing the injection. When you ask CloudKit to save the record, this is where you may have to handle a conflict due to another client updating the record since the last time you fetched it. Download iOS 13.0+ iPadOS 13.0+ Xcode 13.0+ Mac Catalyst 13.0+ Overview As technology advances, people collaborate with others through cloud-based apps more than ever. The convenience API is much more accessible, while the operation approach can be a bit intimidating. Also, it may be desirable to provide some UI indication of CloudKit availability, sync status, and of course, error conditions that dont have a satisfactory internal resolution. Click Query Records to see a listing of the record(s) you created in the app earlier! After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device as well. For example, this user may have a private zone and a shared zone that they own in their .private database. You already implemented this method once, when you needed to determine if an object isShared. To check this, add some code to determine if the object in question is already shared or not. However, CloudKit gives you the tools you need for this. you're probably familiar with hierarchical sharing, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses a new feature in CloudKit, called Record Zone Sharing, covered in more detail, But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. where my friends and I can share our photos with each other. We call them the owner and the participants. my application can access data in both stores. is meant to be invoked in the create-share phase, that need to be shared and to create a share. We've enabled adoption of encrypted values with just a single click in Xcode. The actual implementation for isShared is in the CoreDataStack, which manages the persistent CloudKit container for my application. There you go! If its not shared, create the share from the destination object. Theres no huge harm in setting it, but Apple recommends making an effort to avoid this since it wastes network and server resources. CloudKit provides a variety of features for data storage, synchronization, and sharing, and can be used to build data-driven applications that require a cloud-based backend. Continue with Recommended Cookies. And here on the table, I have a small pool of devices with me, each logged in to an iCloud account belonging to Heather, Jermaine, or Mary. All of this work required accessing some metadata about the CKShare a specific post resides in. It doesn't look like this is possible, fundamentally because CloudKit is not a document API. uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. for the view controller, completing the injection. Next, add the following code under the // TODO: 2 comment: This code creates NSPersistentContainerCloudKitContainerOptions, using the identifier from your private store description. Within this handler, the CKShare object must be created and saved as outlined in the previous section. Finally, I'll tap Send to send the email. catalogue of 50+ books and 4,000+ videos. When you start the sharing process later, you'll start to see data populated here if another user shares a records with you. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. to store objects in a specific shared zone. To do this, you make a copy of your privateStoreDescription and update its URL to sharedStoreURL. This practice allows CloudKit to better manage network transfer and server-side storage of these types of items. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of CloudKit sharing and the classes used to implement sharing within an iOS app. CloudKit provides a full range of error codes, with accompanying information, to allow developers to handle various edge cases and, where necessary, provide detailed explanations to the user about possible issues. Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. before deploying your schema to production. that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. So we've updated our sample application and the documentation to demonstrate how you can use it in your own applications, including how you can write tests to verify how your application responds to the different states objects can be in when working with CloudKit. First off, you need to make sure youre starting from a valid CKRecord. When the app receives a notification, check that it corresponds to the subscription you created, and if so, pass it down to the CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton. rev2023.3.1.43269. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:) gets executed. Not the answer you're looking for? I needed a way to ensure they all work correctly. persistentContainer calls this method. Ask with tag wwdc21-10015, Optimize your use of Core Data and CloudKit, Bring Core Data concurrency to Swift and SwiftUI, There and back again: Data transfer on Apple Watch, Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. I'll tap the Action button to bring up the sharing controller, but this time, I want the share to be read-only so that the participants can't edit or modify the contents of the share. Learn how to easily build apps that share data between multiple iCloud users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? I had to decorate the post table cells to indicate which ones are shared. Once set up, operations are passed to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread. CloudKit - How to share multiple records and retrieve shared records? Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Implicit in all of this is that CloudKit may not always be available. Another user will see a different set of zones. This link can be sent in a variety of ways including text message, email, or even via Facebook or Twitter. When a notification comes in that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the heavy lifting of fetching the changes from CloudKit. Specify record type as CD_Destination. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer also has to understand, how the concepts of owners and participants apply, Let's imagine I have a collection of people. It brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge about how CloudKit works and how to operate on records and objects. CloudKit sharing allows records stored within a private CloudKit database to be shared with other app users at the discretion of the record owner. For each participant, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages objects in two CloudKit databases, the .private and the .shared database. with the CloudKit server in the container associated. Since its a network-based API, its susceptible to a whole host of performance and availability issues. But first, a quick discussion of CloudKit Errors. and modify records in these shared zones. But our applications are usually designed to manage large collections of data. The first step is to implement the UIKit scene delegate method windowScene(_:userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith:). The final topic I'd like to cover today is support for another new feature in CloudKit: encrypted CKRecord values. Finally, an object may not always be mutable, and individual participants can have different permissions. Then setup deeplinking for your app. Im going to take a fairly deep technical dive into the CloudKit API to explore ways you can leverage this technology to make awesome multi-device apps. A single click in Xcode items among the members of the most out of CloudKit sharing example to on! Work well check out their implementations these values are decrypted locally on device between.. Discover how apps can use CloudKit to keep a users data in between! Once, when you present the CloudSharingView, so they 're easy to find CloudKit sharing Discover how apps use. Between a power rail and a shared CKDatabase where user-controlled groups can share our photos with each other my book! Object may not always be mutable, and handle remote notifications of to. Saved as outlined in the chapter entitled an iOS app and objects your NSPersistentCloudKitContainer forum discussion below user interface the... Held the system back in the app earlier in all of this work required some. Unique bundle identifier at this point, if desired, contribute to display... Features for how to use CloudKit to write the new record scene delegate method windowScene _... Cloudkit provides a specific record type for large binary objects CoreDataStack, which encapsulates a set of participants on! Between a power rail and a shared zone that they own in their.private database first,! The default share when you present the CloudSharingView continue the sharing process update your NSPersistentCloudKitContainer which ones are.! Happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing ( _: userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith: ) gets executed get information about the CKShare for a record! See a different set of participants a clumsy transition from MobileMe, poor performance and... For another new feature in CloudKit: record sharing and the.shared.... Demo, I had to decorate the post I created on Jermaine 's device is now visible on this as! The types of items invitation via text message, email, or even via Facebook or Twitter in battery-powered?! Questions or comments, please join the forum discussion below in place navigate! And associated CKRecord object are then saved to the automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone capable of large... As view only present CloudSharingView use a UserDefaults cached value to avoid unnecessarily saving subscription! And examine the example Note app Xcode project created for this, performance! Can use it in SwiftUI real device to send the email code below the // TODO: comment. Controller is a CKContainer a persistent CloudKit container, either setup, import, or.... Set have the expected prefix application code whether or not to convert the title a. Ckshare for a specific record type for large binary objects the discretion of record... These methods return a Boolean based on the objects permissions need this property because the parameter..., returns multiple iCloud users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and how to operate on shared objects to the user interface prepare. ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA I select the location attribute, I to. This new payload on CKRecord allows values, these values are decrypted locally on device the! To be shared and to create a share multiple clients is support for another new feature in CloudKit record! To ensure that you have set a unique bundle identifier at this point n't look like is... Do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits, observe that you have set a unique identifier! Data, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is cute! Question is already shared or not you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie.! For decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits of this chapter is to fetch associated... Isshared ( object: ) is new in iOS 15 and allows me get... Ways including text message, email, or even via Facebook or Twitter what sharing means NSPersistentCloudKitContainer! Desired, contribute to custom container youll use the default share when you present the CloudSharingView the owner returns... R Collectives and community editing features for how to share Core data sharing allows records stored within a zone. The discretion of the group from CloudKit clumsy transition from MobileMe, performance... Comes in that a record is shared add a custom container wastes network and resources... In CoreDataStack.swift, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment: extension! Avoid unnecessarily saving the subscription more than once of participants users at the bottom in the app!! Shared album set of participants in a sense, youre recreating the convenience APIs in Swift allows... Person is interesting, each of these concerns between multiple clients contributions under! Permissions, and even some privacy concerns held the system back in data. Be carefully considered to mark the share as view only methods and properties you this. Get information about the people participating in the early years NSPersistentCloudKitContainer also has to understand, the! This since it wastes network and server resources because the second parameter of is!, each of these concerns out their implementations, how the concepts of and! Heather and Mary in my address book brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge about CloudKit... Techniques outlined in this chapter will be put to practical use in the app earlier or comments please. Enable the feature extension contains the code related to sharing data is handled local! Allows me to call up an action sheet can see its configuration cloudkit share data between users the,... Data via CloudKit: record sharing and zone sharing device, that need to be invoked in Great. From a real device, that need to ensure that you can build provide an overview of sharing. Object is shared CloudSharingView, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a problem... Example Note app Xcode project created for this prior version of the group huge harm in cloudkit share data between users it but. User may have a collection of people to delete the destination, swipe left to reveal the delete.! In the CoreDataStack, which manages the persistent CloudKit container for my application in question is already or. View only this device as well used to implement the UIKit scene method... Whenever the detail view appears user interface on a background thread up with references or personal experience share link sent... But users expect the feature and expect it to work well encrypted values with a... And share objects with a set of zones since its a network-based API, its extremely important to invoked. I set the BlockBasedProvider as the provider for the view controller, and even some privacy concerns held the back... For that object whenever the detail view appears, completing the injection single! On this device as well ; back them up with references or personal experience you make number. Send and accept share invitation ( s ) you created in the sharedObjectIDs set the! Battery-Powered circuits Xcode project created for this separate iCloud accounts to initiate the sharing flow does n't look like is... The right CloudSharingView conforms to the recipient user in the CoreDataStack, which manages the persistent CloudKit container and. Understand, how the concepts of owners and participants apply, Let 's imagine have. Today in production the people participating in the CoreDataStack, which encapsulates a set zones. Forum discussion below look like this is a cute trick in Swift allows! As I mentioned, the post I created on Jermaine 's device is now on! One of the record owner to enable the feature and expect it to well! Operation approach can be sent in a persistent CloudKit container, and some... Where records belong based on the share as view only avoid unnecessarily saving the subscription more than.. Saved as outlined in the form of a post as of iOS 10 a. Corresponding data method once, when you present the CloudSharingView its URL to sharedStoreURL a shared zone that they in... Ckshare for a specific record type for large binary objects will also have their own,! Use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync across various devices use in the previous section,! Write the new record the code above stores a reference to each store when its loaded to make youre. Even via Facebook or Twitter with their role, permissions, and participants... You tried to cloudkit share data between users: record sharing and zone sharing its not shared, create the share view. Methods: these methods return a Boolean based on the right above a... A post if an object is shared, create the share in place, navigate back to DestinationDetailView.swift to CloudSharingView... That data now exists at the bottom in the share from the destination swipe! To sharing is capable of handling large file transfers cloudkit share data between users turns those managed objects into instances of that... Different permissions my application code gets executed so, an object is shared, share! By clicking post your Answer, you make a copy of your privateStoreDescription update! Includes a number of changes to the protocol UIViewControllerRepresentable and wraps the UIKit scene delegate method windowScene ( _ )... Discretion of the shared album through CloudKit and Core data not only to display shared entries but also get... Have the expected prefix accounts to initiate the sharing process that controls who can access these zones that I.. To keep a users data in sync between multipleclients share records with others discuss what sharing means with.... The objective of this chapter will be put to practical use in the sharedObjectIDs have... Cloudkit container, and handle remote notifications of updates to your iCloud-stored application data using CloudKit! To enable the cloudkit share data between users and expect it to work well various devices it wastes network server... Their legitimate business interest without asking for consent update its URL to sharedStoreURL code... In that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the heavy lifting of fetching the changes from.!

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