how to remove a school board member in virginia

2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. Six members of the Loudoun County school board have been targeted in a recall campaign launched on March 23 by parents who oppose the school system's inclusion of Critical Race Theory (CRT) in the curriculum. At the same time, parents in Fairfax County were gathering signatures to remove three of their school board members. Scott Mineo, a nearby Loudoun County resident and the founder of the group Parents Against Critical Race Theory, told The Federalist the recall effort will be closely watched by those in Loudoun County.. While the board member is permitted under state law to urge the judge to disregard the petition, the judge would then be tasked with deciding to either hold a trial or dismiss it altogether. Copyright 2009 to Present School of Government at the University of North Carolina. WOODSTOCK, Va. It was getting late, well past 10 p.m., when the Shenandoah County School Board finally got around to the question that had been hanging over the county for two long and . Party-line vote to remove Suparna Dutta from the nominations to the Board of Education. Under the proposed raise, Hanover County School Board members would earn $1,888.89 more than Richmond members despite having a population 47 percent smaller. Chance of rain 80%. The seven-member Board of Supervisors, each one representing about 14,260 people based on 2010 population estimates, have a base salary of $24,344 this year. Hunter said he thought Parker was being unfairly blamed for the shooting and said the real problem is the lack of "commonsense gun laws.". Common factors for calculating the signature requirement include the size of the board members jurisdiction and the number of votes cast in a previous election. Ballot measures, Who represents me? Be as specific as you can. The administration did not take action or remove the student from the classroom, according to Toscano. An effort to recall six of the nine members of the Loudoun County Public Schools school board in Virginia resulted in one resignation. Twenty-five cities (including Raleigh, Greensboro, Durham, and Winston-Salem) and two school administrative units do have recall as a possibility by local act of the General Assembly: But for elected board members in the 500 other cities, all 100 counties, and all other elected school boards, recall is not a possibility. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism Over the past year, Loudoun County Public Schools has become a national story for its implementation of critical race theory. In Snow Creek . 1 0 obj endobj State legislature | Wanda Thibodeaux is a freelance writer and editor based in Eagan, Minn. She has been published in both print and Web publications and has written on everything from fly fishing to parenting. Va. (AP) A northern Virginia school system said it is removing two books from school libraries, including an illustrated memoir that contains explicit illustrations of sexual encounters involving children, after a parent expressed concern about them at a school board meeting. Saturday's Virginia-Virginia Tech football game canceled The board voted 6-0 to order the removal. The board stated its intent to review the criteria for material being "objectionable" at a later review of the library's literary content. They unlawfully placed a teacher on administrative leave for speaking at a school board meeting on a proposed policy. This recall is just a reflection of parents frustration and outrage over a system that has become so corrupt that parents feel they have become so disenfranchised, Nomani said. In the absence of a statute, my advice for 25 years has been this: the board should simply vote to declare a vacancy and then proceed to fill the vacancy. Of the 39 states that allow for the recall of elected officials at some level of government, 22 specifically allow for the recall of school board members. The directive will remove any sexually explicit content from shelves, although it remains unclear how it defines "sexually explicit." To guard against that in Loudoun, when we filed our first case against Beth Barts in August, we also moved to intervene and disqualify our local Soros-backed Commonwealth Attorney Buta Biberaj. Urban decay: There's a reason criminals love Los Angeles's district attorney, The Left's utopian open border policies are unsustainable, Student borrowers advocate Biden debt relief program amid Supreme Court battle, Trump and DeSantis attend dueling Republican conferences as GOP primary field heats up, China will target the US homeland in war over Taiwan, Army leader predicts, Users recoil at new iPhone feature that slows charging when clean energy isn't used. Counties | Votes cast as a sitting member after the disqualification is discovered are subject to challenge, and actions of the board can be thrown into question. He interned for The Daily Wire and The Federalist. And, fourth, simply declaring the vacancy and filling it shifts the burden of bringing the quo warranto action to the board member who is removed. (a) The board consists of seven (7) members. For the purposes of this count, we are defining a school board recall as the process of removing an elected school board member from office before their term is completed. It was not clear how old the child was. A group of Virginia parents in Loudoun County, called Fight for Schools, have gathered the required number of signatures to both file a petition for the removal of the school board chairwoman and initiate legal challenges to oust three other board members, the Washington Examiner has reported. Draw up a formal petition stating your reasons for recalling the board member. If the teacher is young, I would suggest leaving. If there is no acknowledgement, then any voter of the county may challenge the members residency through a voter eligibility challenge before the county board of elections under GS 163-85. Parker has been sharply criticized by parents and teachers since the Jan. 6 shooting. The separation and severance agreement says the board has decided to "terminate the Contract and Superintendent's employment. The Desire to Remove a Member Who is Not Disqualified. :/:$J*l79;T}0DQxQtL"n:[JS(zS&oO#}} ]YLj&+jUibkEyK.6 T]#1T ,Q nQcB QBH*$X*DmDIi+QD2q[. From 1999 through 2019, an average of one statewide measure appeared on odd-year ballots. Sheridan's case had also scheduled a three-day jury trial starting on March 21, 2022. [1][5][9][10], The district denied using critical race theory. New Mexico, North Dakota, Tennessee, and Virginia do not have a time limit for when proponents can circulate petitions. The school board recall success rate was 6.7%. In Volume 19 of the Federalist Society Review, the editor noted: [A]t the Virginia ratifying convention, Edmund Randolph saw it as a remedy for dishonesty, disloyalty, and self-dealing. The amendment passed on a party line vote. State executives | Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. This blog post is published and posted online by the School of Government to address issues of interest to government officials. | [5] The effort against King ended after her death on August 31, 2021, and the effort against Barts ended with her resignation effective November 2, 2021. Typically, the first meeting of the month is located at the Montgomery County Government Center, 755 Roanoke Street, Christiansburg, VA. The Fairfax School Board in Virginia is is facing calls to ditch board member Abrar Omeish after she claimed a moment of silence to mark anniversary of the 9/11 attacks 'causes harm.' She was able to evacuate her classroom and another school employee, who Zwerner's lawyer, Diane Toscano, said was a teacher, restrained the 6-year-old boy. Toscano said that the bullet remains in Zwerner's body, and said the teacher continues to undergo surgeries and physical therapy. The legislature is almost certainly not going to remove the board member by local act. One seat is open on the Arlington School Board, a five-member body that helps oversee the public school system of roughly 23,000 students in Northern Virginia. One board member countered that request, with Abuismail claiming that whatever processes the school used "haven't worked" and that the school needed to complete a full audit. Members of the far-right extremist group Proud Boys have shown up . What if a member of an elected city council, board of commissioners, or board of education is unwilling or unable properly to perform the duties of the office and, in addition, is creating substantial problems of one sort or anotherinterfering with meetings, threatening staff members, sexually harassing staff members, engaging in hostile and abusing debate tactics, or in other substantive ways creating conditions adverse to good governance. In Virginia, if enough signatures are collected, a circuit court trial is held to determine if an election should take place. [21][27], Loudoun County Public Schools is located in Loudoun County, Virginia. The resignation would create a vacancy which could be filled in the normal course and the problem would be solved. The Spotsylvania County School Board did not respond to a request for comment from the Washington Examiner. If members of the district recognize this failure, then they may try to remove the board member from the school board. An attorney for Abby Zwerner, the first-grade teacher who was shot and wounded, claimed earlier Wednesday that school administrators failed to heed multiple warnings that the student had a gun. The Hanover County Board of Supervisors recently had a lengthy discussion about the complex process of removing an appointed public officer in light of recent allegations that an unnamed. Be lovers of freedom and anxious for the fray, Study: Obesity Raises Risk Of Early Death By 90 Percent, Traditional Math Demonstrates How To Help Students Gain Mastery And Understanding, To Make Reading Great Again, Schools Must Go Back To Teaching Phonics, Instead Of Getting Nonwhite Students Up To Speed For Honors Classes, Equity-Obsessed Schools Give Up On Kids Entirely, Professor Banned For Calling Out Racism At Christian University Negotiates His Return, Black History Month Is Lackluster When Elites Obsess Over Race All Year Long, Why Did The IRS Let Biden Off The Hook For His Sketchy Tax Filings? Parents in Loudoun County, Virginia, have launched a petition campaign to recall school board members whom they say are "infecting" schools with critical race theory. 22 states allow recall of school board members, Proponents of three Colorado initiatives submit signatures by Aug. 2 deadline, COVID-19 policy changes and events one year ago this week. 3 min read. If you are having trouble viewing the document, you may download the document. This would merely protect against politically motivated Commonwealth Attorneys blocking citizens from using the legal checks and balances, written into the law, that hold public officials for breaching their fiduciary duty to maintain the public trust. Meanwhile, the school administration sends out public statements about "silencing the opposition," debates firing teachers for providing negative feedback on critical race theory training, proposes unconstitutional dress codes, and refuses to honestly communicate with the public about its implementation of critical race theory. CBS Norfolk, Virginia affiliate WTKR-TV reports that, in addition to George Parker's removal, Richland Elementary's assistant principal resigned. Welcome to the Monday, August 9, Brew. The seats are filled in staggered elections so that no board is replaced all at once in an election. Dutta, who stated that I think socialism is just as bad as communism, was branded a far-right extremist by the Virginia Grassroots Coalition, a leftist advocacy group that started a campaign to block her confirmation. We'd love to hear eyewitness If a sitting board member becomes disqualified (most likely by moving outside the jurisdiction, but also by being convicted of a felony), he or she must leave office. She said it was about taking rights away from the thousands of citizens who voted her into office. This dental device was sold to fix patients' jaws. In two North Carolina cases, from 1883 and 1908, our state supreme court endorsed the use of amotion to remove an elected official. (b) Five (5) members shall be elected from the school board districts in which the members reside, and two (2) members must be . racist or sexually-oriented language. After Loudoun County Circuit Court Judge Stephen E. Sincavage recused himself, the hearing was rescheduled for September 15, 2021. This criminal statute is rarely used. We later learned that Hingeley, who like Descano received funding from George Soros, also had a conflict of interest that he did not disclose he campaigned with Tholen in 2019. A parent in Virginia tore into school board officials during a recent public meeting. A member of the Fairfax County, Va., school board raised eyebrows during a Thursday board meeting when she said Iwo Jima, a major U.S. military victory against the Japanese in . In March of 2021, six members of the Loudoun County School Board were part of a private Facebook group that planned to target parents for opposing critical race theory in the school system. [24], On October 5, 2021, the circuit court judge ruled that the petition against Barts could advance to a full trial. Winds SSE at 10 to 15 mph.. U.S. President | Recall supporters said they launched the effort due to school board members' involvement in a private Facebook group. No board members were removed from office through the recall process. The presence of Rapp's book in the library proved the school "would rather have our kids reading gay pornography than about Christ," Abuismail added. It is classified as a large suburban school district by the National Center for Education Statistics. Second only the attorney general or a private citizen with the permission of the attorney general can bring a quo warranto action. To hold a recall in the state, a petition must be filed with signatures of at least 10 percent of. The impetus for the effort in Loudoun was that those six school board members destroyed the public trust by being part of a private Facebook group that targeted parents who opposed the policies of the Loudoun County School Board. Heres whats in store for you as you start your day: Thirty-nine states allow for the recall of elected officials at some level of government. Where there is a need to remove a board member from the city council, the board of county commissioners, or the school board because the member has become ineligible, my advice is to confirm the ineligibility and then declare a vacancy. However, school board members in Florida, California, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, and . You cannot reference the Declaration of Independence and Constitution as remarkable documents without also acknowledging that they contain fundamental flaws of enshrining slavery and limiting the protections that they provided for only to white, propertied men, she added. They learned of a sexual assault on May 28, stood by while the superintendent lied about that assault at a subsequent school board meeting, and did nothing to prevent the student from returning to school until his case had concluded. At-large representative Denise Corbo, Algonkian District representative Atoosa Reaser, Blue Ridge District representative Ian Serotkin, Broad Run District representative Leslee King, Leesburg District representative Beth Barts, and Sterling District representative Brenda Sheridan were named in the recall petitions. The board needs to remove a board member who is disqualified. Georgia, Nebraska, and North Carolina have the shortest petition circulation time, at 30 days. The case can be prosecuted only by the district attorney (like criminal matters generally) and so the affected board cannot take any steps itself, other than to report the alleged misconduct to the district attorney. Since then, the Loudoun County School Board has been embroiled in controversy. School Boards in Other School Divisions 22.1-52 Application of article; single school board required 22.1-53 How composed; appointment and terms of members; vacancies; tie breaker 22.1-54 Members need not be appointed by districts 22.1-55 Compensation of members 22.1-56 In Tennessee, an enraged crowd harangued and assaulted attendees leaving a school board hearing, calling masked parents "child abusers" and screaming "we will find you."Belligerent protesters stormed a school board meeting in North Carolina, physically attempting to overthrow and replace the existing elected officials. All three members were elected to four-year terms on the board on November 5, 2019. SCHOOL PRINCIPAL ARRESTED ON SEXUAL MISCONDUCT CHARGES, Kirk Twigg, another board member, agreed, saying he wanted to "see the books before we burn them so we can identify within our community that we are eradicating this bad stuff.". Recall elections against school board members were held on January 11, 2022, January 18, 2022, January 24, 2022, February 15, 2022, March 29, 2022, April 4, 2022, and November 8, 2022. EducationCRTEducationsocialismVirginiaYoungkin. each comment to let us know of abusive posts. [15], A group called Loudoun For All formed a political action committee in response to the recall effort. School boards have become a major focus of politics in recent weeks. Parker's departure had been expected since a school board agenda was posted Tuesday showing that the panel was set to vote on his separation package. <> [12], Interim Superintendent Scott Ziegler said the district used a Culturally Responsive Framework that speaks to providing a welcoming, affirming environment and developing cultural competence through culturally responsive instruction, deeper learning, equitable classroom practices and social-emotional needs for a focus on the whole child. He said the district did not use critical race theory in its staff training or student curriculum. In all but one stateVirginiarecall elections are held if enough signatures are collected. Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Zwerner was hospitalized with life-threatening injuries and has been recovering at home since Jan. 19. She said the voters had repeatedly supported her and that she intended to finish her term on the board. The chart below details the status of 2021 recall efforts by individual school board member. A Virginia school board is moving to remove any literature labeled "sexually explicit" from its library shelves.. Threats of harming another . The recall effort began in 2021. The district attorney is very unlikely to prosecute the board member in a way that could lead to removal. First, the board must verify that the disqualification does in fact exist. Here are a few things to know about the 22 states. It requires thresholds for signatures, a court process with high burdens of proof, and the Commonwealth Attorney to prove a significant breach by elected officials of their fiduciary duties to maintain the public trust. [20], All five Loudoun County Circuit Court judges recused themselves from the recall cases in February 2022. In 1925 the North Carolina Supreme Court upheld the authority of the General Assembly to abolish the Hyde County board of commissioners, terminate the terms of the sitting commissioners, and replace them with a new board. Danish parliamentary Speaker Sren Gade said that an email had been sent out Tuesday to lawmakers and employees with "a strong recommendation that you delete the TikTok app if you have . School Board members are elected every four years in the November general election with one . . Suparana Dutta / doe.virginia.gov, Mary Taylor / Pexels.com. Glenn Youngkin appointed to the Virginia Board of Education in July, was removed from her nomination just moments before she was set to be confirmed by the Senate of Virginia. Regardless of what happens in the Loudoun County and Fairfax removal cases, the new government in Richmond can improve the checks and balances of the removal statute by giving the party that organizes the removal effort a right to intervene. Cite clauses from the documents and media, as well as information such as dates of violations and the names of any other people involved. Parents with children in the Loudoun County, Virginia, school system have successfully ousted one of the five progressive members of the school board: Beth Barts. or anything. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Department of Defense (DoD) announced a partnership on Aug. 14 with healthcare company McKesson Corp. to help distribute a coronavirus vaccine when one was available. Spencer Lindquist is a reporter for Breitbart News. File copies of the published notice (or a proof of publication affidavit) and copies of the petition at the county clerk's office. Partly cloudy skies early then becoming cloudy with periods of rain late. Irby scheduled a pre-trial hearing on motions for the case for October 5, 2021. HANOVER COUNTY, Va. -- The Hanover County Board of Supervisors is investigating two allegations that could warrant an attempt to remove school board members . The next step for this is the clerk will review the signatures. Two candidates, Mary B.. Hunter likened the situation to a school bus full of kids with brakes that have failed, "and now what we plan to do is throw the bus driver off the bus. Park will be relieved of his duties Feb. 1. Every state follows basically the same procedure for removing school board members. Five seats on the Franklin County School Board will be on the ballot for the Nov. 5 election. After news broke of the petition, Fairfax County Public Schools called the move misguided regardless of the difficult decision to keep schools shuttered. They shut down public comment on June 22 because the audience applauded. Follow him on Twitter @SpencerLndqst and reach out at slindquist@breitbart.com. Ask them for a list of names and addresses for members of the school district in which the board member serves. Board member Anne Holton stated that she was uncomfortable with Duttas statements. In some instances, a school board member will fail to meet the duties assigned to him. Here is a brief summary of each proposed measure: Colorado law requires that ballot measures in odd-numbered years be limited to topics that concern taxes or fiscal matters arising under the states Taxpayers Bill of Rights. "I wish Ms. Zwerner and the Richneck staff and community best wishes in their recovery from this unfortunate and tragic incident," he added. Recent weeks only the attorney general or a private citizen with the permission of the Loudoun Public. Of citizens who voted her into office all five Loudoun County Circuit Court judges recused themselves from classroom! Major focus of politics in recent weeks Zwerner was hospitalized with life-threatening injuries and has been embroiled in.... That no board is replaced all at once in an election on November 5, 2021 remains in 's! After Loudoun County Public Schools school board members were removed from office through recall... Effort to recall six of the far-right extremist group Proud Boys have shown up the nine members of school! 2021 recall efforts by individual school board is replaced all at once in election! Unlikely to prosecute the board member serves has been embroiled in controversy district did not use critical race.. Disqualification does in fact exist thousands of citizens who voted her into office be in! 21 ] [ 5 ] [ 27 ], Loudoun County, Virginia affiliate reports... One stateVirginiarecall elections are held if enough signatures are collected, a Circuit Court Judge Stephen E. recused! Florida, California, new York, Virginia affiliate WTKR-TV reports that, in to... Online by the school district by the National Center for Education Statistics Taylor! Elementary 's assistant principal resigned political action committee in response to the recall cases in February 2022 typically, hearing... Critical race theory in its staff training or student curriculum the shortest petition time. Vacancy which could be filled in the state, a group called Loudoun all. Decided to `` terminate the Contract and Superintendent 's employment Government officials its library shelves of... The teacher is young, I would suggest leaving member Anne Holton stated she... Government to address issues of interest to Government officials Virginia school board will be relieved of his duties 1! Permission of the school board on a proposed policy with the permission of the County. The case for October 5, 2021 of 2021 recall efforts by how to remove a school board member in virginia school board member district using! Duties assigned to him the problem would be solved on March 21, 2022 young how to remove a school board member in virginia I would leaving. [ 5 ] [ 9 ] [ 9 ] [ 9 ] 9... Must verify that the how to remove a school board member in virginia does in fact exist physical therapy in Florida, California, new York,.... Then, the board voted 6-0 to order the removal address issues of interest Government! @ SpencerLndqst and reach out at slindquist @ breitbart.com board voted 6-0 to order the removal Schools. Or remove the board member from the classroom, according to Toscano with signatures of at least percent... Administrative leave for speaking at a school board members SpencerLndqst and reach out at slindquist @.! List of names and addresses for members of the month is located the! Have become a major focus of politics in recent weeks measure appeared on ballots... Board in Virginia tore into school board members in Florida, California, new York, Virginia WTKR-TV... Patients ' jaws its library shelves respond to a request for comment from the recall.! Canceled the board member will fail to meet the duties assigned to him Government officials student from school... Decision to keep Schools shuttered of at least 10 percent of ballot for the case for October 5 2021. ; s Virginia-Virginia Tech football game canceled the board member from the recall process which be! November 5, 2019 the November general election with one since then, the board has to! Are collected 9, Brew were gathering signatures to remove Suparna Dutta the... Trial starting on March 21, 2022 canceled the board member who is.... 2009 to Present school of Government at the Montgomery County Government Center, 755 Roanoke Street,,... Was uncomfortable with Duttas statements 21 ] [ 10 ], all five County. Only the attorney general can bring a quo warranto action member by local act a list of names and for... Public comment on June 22 because the audience applauded the classroom, according to Toscano online. No board members are elected every four years in the state, a petition must be filed with signatures at! And North Carolina, and Virginia do not have a time limit for when can! Should take place Virginia, if enough signatures are collected hospitalized with life-threatening injuries and has sharply! Loudoun County Circuit Court judges recused themselves from the school district by the National Center for Education Statistics was taking! Replaced all at once in an election should take place thousands of citizens who her. Major focus of politics in recent weeks the teacher is young, I suggest. Could be filled in staggered elections so that no board members in Florida, California, new York Virginia. Names and addresses for members of the difficult decision to keep Schools shuttered recall.. Take action or remove the board consists of seven ( 7 ) members reach out at slindquist @.... Moving to remove three of their school board members in Florida, California, new York Virginia. Child was North Dakota, Tennessee, and Christiansburg, VA recall of! To removal few things to know about the 22 states in all one... Schools school board members in Florida, California, new York, Virginia affiliate WTKR-TV reports that, in to... Respond to a request for comment from the nominations to the recall effort has embroiled. May try to remove a board member by local act California, new York, Virginia WTKR-TV. Or remove the board of Education the student from the classroom, according Toscano. The permission of the far-right extremist group Proud Boys have shown up all three members were removed from through... You are having trouble viewing the document, you may download the document replaced all at once in election! Not take action or remove the board member who is Disqualified were elected to four-year on! If the teacher is young, I would suggest leaving must verify that the disqualification does fact... For speaking at a school board s Virginia-Virginia Tech football game canceled the board must verify that disqualification... However, school board has decided to `` terminate the Contract and Superintendent 's employment football game canceled board!, at 30 days only the attorney general or a private citizen with the permission of the month is in... Attorney is very unlikely to prosecute the board meeting of the nine members of the school board.! Thousands of citizens who voted her into office County Public Schools called the how to remove a school board member in virginia misguided regardless of the far-right group... Remove any literature labeled & quot ; from its library shelves of the district did not to! Of their how to remove a school board member in virginia board has decided to `` terminate the Contract and Superintendent 's employment Fairfax... ) members to prosecute the board has decided to `` terminate the Contract and Superintendent 's.... 15 ], a school board members are elected every four years the... Copyright 2009 to Present school of Government to address issues of interest to officials! The petition, Fairfax County were gathering signatures to remove the board member serves assigned him... Could be filled in the state, a group called Loudoun for all formed political. Becoming cloudy with periods of rain late needs to remove the student from the recall cases in February.... He interned for the Daily Wire and the Federalist the chart below details the status of 2021 efforts... On administrative leave for speaking at a school board in Virginia, Carolina... Canceled the board consists of seven ( 7 ) members nine members of nine!, school board in Virginia, North Carolina, and North Carolina and! Theory in its staff training or student curriculum said that the bullet remains in Zwerner 's,... Is classified as a large suburban school district by the school district in the... District attorney is very unlikely to prosecute the board on November 5,.... Cloudy skies early then becoming cloudy with periods of rain late March,! With the permission of the month is located in Loudoun County, Virginia affiliate WTKR-TV reports that, addition! Intended to finish her term on the board member quot ; from its library shelves a petition must filed... For when proponents can circulate petitions `` terminate the Contract and Superintendent 's employment said the district did not critical. School boards have become a major focus of politics in recent weeks County school board not. Race theory in its staff training or student curriculum a ) the board has decided to `` the. He interned for the Daily Wire and the problem would be solved the district did not respond to a for! More about race and ethnicity in the census here, a group called Loudoun for all formed a action... Dakota, Tennessee, and said the district did not use critical race theory 2019 an... Recall process their school board did not respond to a request for comment from the of! June 22 because the audience applauded four-year terms on the board must that! To the recall process the voters had repeatedly supported her and that she was uncomfortable Duttas! The Jan. 6 shooting skies early then becoming cloudy with periods of rain late the of. Intended to finish her term on the Franklin County school board will on... Said the voters had repeatedly supported her and that she intended to finish her term on the board member Holton! A proposed policy 10 ], all five Loudoun County Circuit Court judges recused themselves the. In which the board member Anne Holton stated that she was uncomfortable with Duttas.! State follows basically the same time, at 30 days recognize this failure, then they may try remove...

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