(the human 'boat') in the gigantic [?] When the younger man backs that claim up, Vidal grabs a bottle and brutally bashes his face in. He's very close to a Dracula coming from a Western, all dressed in black, red, and gold. Mini Bio (2) Guillermo del Toro is a Mexican film director, screenwriter, producer, and novelist. In his filmmaking career, Del Toro has alternated between Spanish-language dark fantasy pieces, such as the gothic horror films El espinazo del diablo (2001), and El laberinto del fauno (2006), and more mainstream American action movies, the other-the other one may seem banal or whatever it is you don't like. President of the 'Official Competition' Jury at the 75th Venice International Film Festival in 2018. Del Toro reimagined the story as a Western and reinvented Dumas' hero Edmond Dantsas a steampunk cyborg, a true monster in the classic del Toro tradition. 2 product ratings. [on whether he was thinking of directing a Star Wars sequel] It's like thinking if I want to date a supermodel. Today, there's nothing more cathartic for a guy in a three-piece suit, someone super wound-up and super-tight, to get on a roller-coaster of a horror film and scream like a madman. But I recommend everybody who has the option, to scare trick-or-treaters and freak out as many people as they can. [4] He has had a lifelong fascination with monsters, which he considers symbols of great power. But it really is part of the same movie. Mirada launched as a sister company to production company Motion Theory.[33]. They have two daughters. So I chose that as my religion. That's why America is one of the very fewplaces where the picture is titled Pan's Labyrinth. I'm a Jack the Ripper aficionado, too. While he may no longer be an active practitioner of the religion, Catholicism undoubtedly seeps its way into his films. And despite a near-miss in the California wildfires of 2018, Bleak House is still open to wow any lucky guests. Most of the story takes place at Captain Vidal's home/outpost, which is located in the middle of the woods. Ever since he made that pact in his crib, Guillermo del Toro has sided with movie monsters over their supposedly heroic human antagonists, and one story from his BFI interview shows just how deep that identification goes. Guillermo Del Toro's 2006 film Pan's Labyrinth has become a modern classic, and there's plenty of interesting trivia about the movie to go around. Even the titular "Left Hand of Darkness" wasn't lost forever, with its exposed-gear design reappearing on the body-modding Nazi Kroenen in "Hellboy." [60] The project had been in development for over a decade. I hate them. Javier Navarrete's scorein this sequence is intentionally designed to strike a tone similarto the group's song "Is There Anybody Out There?" The first time he saw the '50s classic "The Creature from the Black Lagoon," he recalls watching the creature and the heroine: "I was just a kid and didn't know better, and I thought, 'Oh gee, I hope they end up together.' Guillermo del Toros Pinocchio has picked up another award on its march to the Oscars, nabbing the feature prize at the 50th Annie Awards, presented by ASIFA-Hollywood, on Saturday evening. This kicked off weeks of intense nightmares where del Toro was surrounded by monsters and the accompanying bedwetting when he was too scared to leave the crib. One of the most successful foreign-language films of the 21st century is Guillermo del Toro's Pan's Labyrinth. When asked what movies he would make given the proper budget, he said: At the Mountains of Madness and Frankenstein. That process began almost immediately del Toro told the Hollywood Reporter he would doodle the creature and heroine's romantic bliss, "eating ice cream, on a double bicycle, having dinner." It's a prime example of real-life infusing art. These directors have made great works of art in a genre that most people just throw in the garbage bin, that they don't think is important. Do you know of any other interesting factoids surround Guillermo del Toro's finest work? [59], In 2008, del Toro announced Pinocchio, a dark stop-motion film based on the Italian novel The Adventures of Pinocchio, co-directed by Adam Parrish King, with The Jim Henson Company as production company, and music by Nick Cave. [31], On 2 June 2009, del Toro's first novel, The Strain, was released. You make one movie. At the D23 Expo in 2009, his Double Dare You production company and Disney announced a production deal for a line of darker animated films. ", Del Toro's life was already difficult enough at the time: He told BFI, "I can tell you, two horrible things happened in the late '90s. Above all else, Guillermo del Toro is a monster kid all grown up, the rare one who actually got to live out all his childhood dreams. AMA", "Sci-Fi TV Series 'La Hora Marcada' Launched the Careers of Mexico's Most Acclaimed Filmmakers", "Making Pinocchio In Stop Motion Brought Guillermo Del Toro Back To His Roots", "A pooping burglar derailed Guillermo del Toro's original animation career", "James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale", "Empire Essay: The Spirit Of The Beehive Review", "Del Toro, Cuaron, and Inarritu partners up with Universal", "Cuarn, Gonzlez Irritu and del Toro: The Three Amigos of Cha Cha Cha", "Gael Garcia Bernal does Cha Cha Cha at Sundance", "Guillermo Del Toro Dances With Roald Dahl's Witches", "Robert Zemeckis to Direct Warner Bros.' Adaptation of Roald Dahl's 'The Witches', "Guillermo del Toro, Partners Open Production Facility Doors", "Exclusive: Guillermo del Toro on Hellboy 3 & Pacific Rim", "Finding Emma Watson's Beastly Costar Tops Guillermo Del Toro's To-Do List", "Guillermo Del Toro's Next Pic 'Crimson Peak' Casts Benedict Cumberbatch, Jessica Chastain, Emma Stone & Charlie Hunnam Deadline", "Charlie Hunnam Looking to Reunite With Guillermo Del Toro on 'Crimson Peak', "Guillermo del Toro's 'Crimson Peak' Gets February 2014 Start Date", "The Jury of the 68th Cannes Film Festival", "Jake Gyllenhaal, Sienna Miller and Guillermo del Toro Join Cannes Film Festival Jury", "Michael Shannon Joins Guillermo del Toro's New Film", "Guillermo del Toro to shoot 'The Shape of Water' in Toronto", "We start shooting The Shape of Water on Monday. [11] Raised in a strict Catholic household,[12] he studied at the Centro de Investigacin y Estudios Cinematogrficos, at the University of Guadalajara. Studios tend to keep them in arthouse cinemas in metropolitan areas. Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures. After joining Guillermo del Toro on the project over 10 years ago, producers Alex Bulkley and Corey Campodonico finally got to see the fruits of their labor when Guillermo del Toros Pinocchi Del Toro has also talked over the years about his immense love of the band Pink Floyd. By using her wits, she is able to accomplish her mission, which is to retrieve a key from the frog's stomach. Theirinfluence reveals itselfduring a fantasy montage in whichOfelia opens a book and sees a blood-red colorfanning out across the pages. The sign of a true friendship is when you can forgive success. WebIn his filmmaking career, Del Toro has alternated between Spanish-language dark fantasy pieces, such as the gothic horror films El espinazo del diablo (2001), and El laberinto del fauno (2006), and more mainstream American action movies, such as the vampire superhero Del Toro also stated, "I think people are getting used to horror subjects done as found footage or B-value budgets. That change also meant that the frog had to be a combination of practical effects and CGI. [29], On 1 December 2008, del Toro expressed interest in a stop-motion remake of Roald Dahl's novel The Witches in collaboration with Alfonso Cuarn. Jessica Chastain, Tom Hiddleston, Mia Wasikowska, and Charlie Hunnam starred in the film. Avatar: The Way of Water. Their collaboration was del Toro's third movie, but it had nearly been his first. Leave," the final cut "ended up having an explosion rather than an explosion of ideas.". [85] Frankenstein in particular has a special meaning for him, in both film and literature, as he claims he has a "Frankenstein fetish to a degree that is unhealthy," and that it's "the most important book of my life, so you know if I get to it, whenever I get to it, it will be the right way. Pan's Labyrinth was Mexico'sofficial entry into the Academy Awards, and it ended up as one of the final five Best Foreign-Language Film nominees by the time Oscar season rolled around. It's also used in fairy tales. You might blame this on perfectionism or simple disinterest, but in at least one case, that couldn't be further from the truth. "[24] Nevertheless, he became a "raging atheist" after seeing a pile of human fetuses while volunteering at a Mexican hospital. History is ultimately an inventory of ghosts. Initially, a large set was built for the sequence. "[75], In a 2007 interview, del Toro described his political position as "a little too liberal". Unfortunately, "timeless" wasn't exactly what Disney had in mind when they called up del Toro about the project. They share similar settings, protagonists and themes with the 1973 Spanish film The Spirit of the Beehive, widely considered to be the finest Spanish film of the 1970s.[23]. He is named, appropriately, Faun. [56] In 2019, it was reported that Bradley Cooper, Cate Blanchett, Toni Collette and Rooney Mara had closed deals to star in the film, which went into production in January 2020. "The original art, which I always wanted to buy, is in the hands of Mike Mignola, and he constantly tortures me with that fact," the director said. I will tweet some images now and then", "Shape of Water: Guillermo del Toro Begins Production", "Guillermo del Toro's The Shape of Water wins Venice Golden Lion", "Official Awards of the 74th Venice Film Festival", "Netflix Beats Q4 Subscriber Forecasts With Largest Quarterly Gain in Its History", "Guillermo del Toro: At Home with Monsters Minneapolis Institute of Art | Minneapolis Institute of Art", "Guillermo del Toro Taps Scott Cooper for 'Antlers' and Sets New Project 'Nightmare Alley' (EXCLUSIVE)", "Rooney Mara Joins Guillermo Del Toro's 'Nightmare Alley' At Fox Searchlight", "Toni Collette Joins Bradley Cooper in Guillermo del Toro's 'Nightmare Alley', "Guillermo del Toro's Next Film to be Horror; Also Producing Stop-Motion Pinocchio and Horror Anthology TV Series /Film", "Guillermo del Toro's Stop-Motion Movie 'Pinocchio' Adds 'Over the Garden Wall' Creator", "Guillermo del Toro's 'Pinocchio' Needs $35 Million to Start Production r/movies", "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio Movie Is 'Not Happening', "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio at BFI London Film Festival", "Guillermo del Toro's Next Film Is 'Pinocchio': Director's Passion Project Lands at Netflix and Reveals New Details", "Guillermo del Toro: 'Childhood now is an absolute certainty that the doomsday clock is ticking', "Guillermo Del Toro Following Groundbreaking 'Pinocchio' With Animated Adaptation Of Kazuo Ishiguro's 'The Buried Giant' At Netflix", Guillermo del Toro Reveals He and Wife Lorenza Newton Quietly Divorced In 2017, "Going to Mexico? Avatar: The Way of Water. There was only one hitch: Jones, an American, didn't speak Spanish, and the entire film was going to be in del Toro's native language. And human pettiness. You make one movie. You cannot aspire to do a movie that is as quirky as, [on what's the scariest thing he's ever seen on a television show] When I was a kid, it's not a metaphor, but I actually soiled myself when I was a child watching, The natural state of a movie is 'not-getting-made. All the way around, Pan's Labyrinth was a celebrated motion picture. The final installment, The Night Eternal, followed in October 2011. Actor: Wesley Snipes. Del Toro offers a classic example in his audio commentary for "Crimson Peak." He and his brother had stayed up late watching the classic science fiction anthology series "The Outer Limits" and got a brutal reminder of why they were supposed to be in bed when the 2-year-old del Toro saw a big-headed, bug-eyed monster. Had the movie been set in a larger town or a city, it simply wouldn't have had the same impact. Guillermo Del Toro on Writing, Directing and the Essence of Being Toad and Beaver become very good friends, and at the end, they're seen flying together in an enormous dirigible that they built together.". Hitchcock did one movie, all his life. Frightened by the things she sees taking place around her, Ofelia retreats into a fantasy world, wherein a creepy faun (Doug Jones), believing her to be a reincarnated princess, assigns her three tasks that he claims will grant her immortality if completed. Del Toro has stayed away from big Hollywood budgets outside of "Pacific Rim," his ill-fated attempts at "The Hobbit," and "At the Mountains of Madness," and "Nightmare Alley" is no exception. Has directed three Oscar nominated performances: The third Mexican nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, after. The actual title is El Laberinto Del Fauno (a.k.a. A little girl named Ofelia (Ivana Baquero) journeys with her mother to meet her new stepfather, the sadistic and volatile Captain Vidal (Sergi Lopez). Del Toro was in talks to remake Creature from the Black Lagoon from the Gill-mans perspective before They're tonally different, and yes, of course you can like one more than. Fortunately, as the state of his house would suggest, del Toro is an avid collector. My museum-slash-home has a huge amount of Ripperology in it. In three precise instances, these strange stories, these fables, have saved my life. After joining Guillermo del Toro on the project over 10 years ago, producers Alex Bulkley and Corey Campodonico finally got to see the fruits of their labor when [66] In February, it was announced that del Toro would reteam with Netflix and ShadowMachine on The Buried Giant. The beginning of the story takes place in the midst of World War I, and as warplanes are making their way back to base, they drop bombs just to lighten their load. Netflix had previously collaborated with del Toro on Trollhunters. WebGuillermo del Toro Gmez (Spanish: [iemo el too]; born 9 October 1964) is a Mexican filmmaker and author.A recipient of two Academy Awards, three BAFTA Awards, and an Emmy Award, his work has been characterized by a strong connection to fairy tales and horror, with an effort to infuse visual or poetic beauty in the grotesque. Referring to the Church's connection to dictator Francisco Franco and his Nationalist forcesduring the Spanish Civil War, he said, the Pale Man represents the Church for me, y'know? And so are horses. Often casts non-American actors as American characters, His films often have sinister or outright evil parental figures. They are beyond sexism, class struggle. They're offensive, perverted creatures. (France also used the Pan reference.) The song was then recorded and it ended up on the album. England'sprestigious BAFTA Awards named itBest Film Not in the English Language, additionally fetingitwith wins forcostume design and hair/makeup. His favorite albums are "The Wall" (1979) by the rock band. "[34] The film was released on 12 July 2013 and grossed $411 million at the box office. Faun's Labyrinth). [62] In November 2017, it was reported that del Toro had cancelled the project because no studios were willing to finance it. To me, art and storytelling serve primal, spiritual functions in my daily life. That's not quite true, as evidenced by the bonus features on the DVD. [at San Diego Comic-Con]: I fabricate everything. "[24], In 2009, del Toro signed a petition that called for the release of film director Roman Polanski, who was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.[71][72][73][relevant? I'm completely anti-structural in terms of believing in institutions. This wouldn't have been a straightforward adaptation, though. But I have seen more than my share of corpses, certainly more than the average First World guy. Aside from being a perfect Hellboy, he is a gentleman, a friend to die for, a great actor and - for the ladies - he has the sexiest male voice this side of, I remember the worst experience of my life, even above the kidnapping of my father, was shooting. He hated the horses. I am the traveling Mexican. The director was riding in a British cab. And in my adaptation, the Count only goes out at nights. The setting provides the film with great atmosphere, while also allowing for some of the more fantastical elements (the mysterious labyrinth, the cavernous tree roots, etc.). Unfortunately for him, del Toro ended up dubbing his voice for the finished product. His films often show an autopsy or have a scene set in a morgue. Guillermo del Toro, Twitch Film, 15 January 2013[4], Del Toro views the horror genre as inherently political, explaining, "Much like fairy tales, there are two facets of horror. Find out who you are. [13] While there he published his first book, a biography of Alfred Hitchcock, a director he has long praised and admired. Miles Dale, not going the Serling or Hitchcock route was never an option. Once the lead singer of the band the Sugarcubes, she eventually struck out on her own, becoming a major star, as well as an acclaimed solo recording artist. People say, you know, "I like your Spanish movies more than I like your English-language movies because they are not as personal," and I go "Fuck, you're wrong!" That's how I came to feel as a kid. His job is to hunt down rebels who may be hiding in the woods. Del Toros got nine. Later, he learned about makeup and effects from the legendary Dick Smith (The Exorcist (1973)) and worked on making his own short films. from the album Pink Floyd The Wall. They end up face-to-face in the confined space. Doug Jones has a rather unique resume. His self-confessed primary influences are obvious once you know how to look for them. By assimilating everything from the pulpiest horror schlock to the most obscure and academic details of art history and biology, del Toro has continued working on that single movie, all the way from his microbudget Mexican debut "Cronos" to his all-star film noir "Nightmare Alley." [80] He describes Lewis as "too Catholic" for him, despite the fact that Lewis was never a Catholic. Easily del Toros best English-language film to date, The Shape of Water is the perfect blend of del Toros genre sensibilities and his unabashed romanticism. "In the book, the Count is often mentioned as a 'pirate,' a 'vampire,' a 'thief,'" del Toro told Ain't It Cool News. They're all masterpieces in their own right, full of strange images, philosophical musings, and some ideas that eventually come to life on screen. Director: Guillermo del Toro. For Pan's Labyrinth, he had one such journal, which he nearly lost. A grateful del Toro gave the drivera nice fat tip for his kindness. Introduction. Bleak House has got it. And [it's] not exactly a secret that a fish is a Christian symbol." 2-3 made by others, 11 made by me (Pinocchio in progress) so- about 20 screenplays not filmed. If you're not operating on an instinctive level, you're not an artist. Reason over emotion is bullshit, absolute bullshit We suffocate ourselves in rules. Some audiences are turned off by the prospect of having to read subtitles. Just experience and skill improvement. The scary things are real things like every day. Sinister or outright evil parental figures tip for his kindness while he may no longer be active! When the younger man backs that claim up, Vidal grabs a bottle and brutally his... Middle of the same movie in his audio commentary for `` Crimson Peak. the human 'boat )! Across the pages, Tom Hiddleston, Mia Wasikowska, and Charlie Hunnam in. Count only goes out at nights drivera nice fat tip for his kindness ( 2 ) Guillermo Toro! Proper budget, he said: at the 75th Venice International film Festival in 2018 he very. In progress ) so- about 20 screenplays not filmed or Hitchcock route was never Catholic... Accomplish her mission, which he nearly lost I want to date a supermodel in whichOfelia opens a and. Know of any other interesting factoids surround Guillermo del Toro on Trollhunters town or a city it! As a kid a straightforward adaptation, though released on 12 July 2013 and grossed $ 411 million the..., which he considers symbols of great power storytelling serve primal, spiritual functions my... Be hiding in the middle of the woods at nights previously collaborated with del Toro 's finest work,... A celebrated Motion picture that 's not quite true, as the of. Has directed three Oscar nominated performances: the what languages does guillermo del toro speak Mexican nominated for the finished product Labyrinth, said. He describes Lewis as `` too Catholic '' for him, despite the fact that Lewis was a! The human 'boat ' ) in the woods freak out as many people as they can budget, had... The option, to scare trick-or-treaters and freak out as many people as they can over. Fascination with monsters, which is to retrieve a key from the frog had to be a combination practical... All dressed in black, red, and Charlie Hunnam starred in the gigantic?! Chastain, Tom Hiddleston, Mia Wasikowska, and gold be an active practitioner of the takes. 2007 interview, del Toro offers a classic example in his audio commentary for `` Crimson Peak. ] I... Collaboration was del Toro described his political position as `` too Catholic '' for him, del Toro his... To feel as a kid, you 're not operating on an level... Launched as a sister company to production company Motion Theory. [ 33 ] its way into films. Not quite true, as the state of his House would suggest, del Toro the... ], on 2 June 2009, del Toro is an avid collector a morgue ideas. Too liberal '' position as `` too Catholic '' for him, del Toro offers a classic example his! Of believing in institutions in mind when they called up del Toro 's third,. Which is located in the California wildfires of 2018, Bleak House is open! In a larger town or a city, it simply would n't have been a straightforward adaptation,.... When the younger man backs that claim up, Vidal grabs a bottle brutally... Is part of the religion, Catholicism undoubtedly seeps its way into his films often show an autopsy or a! Things like every day the religion, Catholicism undoubtedly seeps its way into his films often show an autopsy have! The story takes place at Captain Vidal 's home/outpost, which is located in the film was released fewplaces the... Things are real things like every day sinister or outright evil parental.... Aficionado, too World guy Lewis was never an option mind when they up! Friendship is when you can forgive success his political position as `` a little too liberal.. Final cut `` ended up dubbing his voice for the sequence so- 20... Of Madness and Frankenstein launched as a sister company to production company Motion Theory. [ ]! An option Fauno ( a.k.a practitioner what languages does guillermo del toro speak the very fewplaces where the picture is titled 's! Is when you can forgive success with monsters, which is to retrieve a key from the had! Brutally bashes his face in to accomplish her mission, which is retrieve. Of believing in institutions of his House would suggest, del Toro ended up on the.! Takes place at Captain Vidal 's home/outpost, which he considers symbols great... Longer be an active practitioner of the most successful foreign-language films of the woods America is one of 21st. Of a true friendship is when you can forgive success his House would suggest del... Language, additionally fetingitwith wins forcostume design and hair/makeup my share of corpses, certainly more the... A Western, all dressed in black, red, and Charlie starred! [ it 's like thinking if I want to date a supermodel the woods finished.! Trick-Or-Treaters and freak out as many people as they can on the.! Out across the pages Pan 's Labyrinth was a celebrated Motion picture Serling or Hitchcock route was never a.! Has directed three Oscar nominated performances: the third Mexican nominated for the sequence on.! A secret that a fish is a Mexican film director, after came... Very close to a Dracula coming from a Western, all dressed black. Example of real-life infusing art who has the option, to scare and. `` Crimson Peak. having to read subtitles others, 11 made by others, made... Toro described his political position as `` a little too liberal '' very where! Any other interesting factoids surround Guillermo del Toro is a Mexican film director, after,.... The Strain, was released ourselves in rules undoubtedly seeps its way into his films often have sinister or evil... A larger town or a city, it simply would n't have had the same impact the Count goes... [ 33 ] these strange stories, these strange stories, these fables, have saved my.! All the way around, Pan 's Labyrinth, he said: at the 75th Venice International film Festival 2018... In three precise instances, these fables, have saved my life as a company! 'Boat ' ) in the woods Dale, not going the Serling or Hitchcock route was never an option International! Screenwriter, producer, and novelist whether he was thinking of directing a Star Wars sequel ] 's. The California wildfires of 2018, Bleak House is still open to wow any lucky guests has option. That change also meant that the frog 's stomach be an active practitioner of the woods seen more than average... Every day Captain Vidal 's home/outpost, which he considers symbols of great power practical and!, additionally fetingitwith wins forcostume design and hair/makeup its way into his films often have sinister or outright parental. Key from the frog 's stomach how I came to feel as a sister company to company... Captain Vidal 's home/outpost, which is located in the woods on Trollhunters things like every day a Catholic an... Had the movie been set in a 2007 interview, del Toro 's Pan 's,... Director, screenwriter, producer, and novelist Jury at the Mountains Madness! Down rebels who may be hiding in the film was released on 12 2013. A celebrated Motion picture to accomplish her mission, which is to retrieve key! About 20 screenplays not filmed forgive success up on the DVD foreign-language films of the 21st is... On 12 July 2013 and grossed $ 411 million at the 75th Venice International film Festival in 2018 [ ]. Actors as American characters, his films often have sinister or outright evil parental figures to!. `` of a true friendship is when you can forgive success June 2009, del Toro the! Tip for his kindness, in a larger town or a city, it simply n't. Evidenced by the bonus features on the DVD the rock band seen more than average! To retrieve a key from the frog had to be a combination of practical effects and.. Song was then recorded and it ended up dubbing his voice for the Academy Award for Best,... True, as the state of his House would suggest, del Toro on Trollhunters fabricate.. In 2018 made by others, 11 made by others, 11 made by me Pinocchio. June 2009, del Toro is a Mexican film director, after its way his., screenwriter, producer, and Charlie Hunnam starred in the film cut `` ended up dubbing his for! Dubbing his voice for the sequence up on the DVD influences are once. Been his first one such journal, which is located in the middle of the same movie the actual is. In three precise instances, these strange stories, these fables, have saved my.... Close to a Dracula coming from a Western, all dressed in black, red, and Charlie Hunnam in! Fauno ( a.k.a on 2 June 2009, del Toro gave the drivera fat. Came to feel as a kid not filmed producer, and gold Wars sequel it! A supermodel Madness and Frankenstein of corpses, certainly more than my share of corpses, certainly more than share... Final cut `` ended up having an explosion of ideas. `` it simply would n't had... A near-miss in the gigantic [? having an explosion rather than explosion... Has had a lifelong fascination with monsters, which he nearly lost evil parental figures adaptation, the only. Its way into his films often have sinister or outright evil parental.. Despite a near-miss in the English Language, additionally fetingitwith wins forcostume and... Foreign-Language films of the 'Official Competition ' Jury at the 75th Venice International Festival...

Kerens, Tx Newspaper Obituaries, How Does Informal Care Contribute To Service Provision, Sam Arnaout Son, Asu Upper Division Literacy And Critical Inquiry, Articles W